I’ve had a lot of luck with CLR — it’s just high-powered lactic acid. I’m not happy with what it does to chrome, aluminum and some painted surfaces, but it’s worked well for getting stuff of the water jacket walls.. If you immerse the powerhead in CLR, it may leave a layer of black oxide on the bores which can be wiped off and sluiced away with PB Blaster. It’ll also discolor (gray) pistons.
Picking at the line-of-sight can work as some of the bigger flakes head for the water outlook and create a log jam.
Copper colored steel BBs or similar sized bearing balls and shaking the cr-p out of the powerhead is another treatment. Make sure they don’t get into the external pipes and that they are smaller than inlet, outlet and corners in the jacket.