Usually the commutator needs cleaning/resurfacing, and sometimes the brushes are shot. This fixes 90 % of them. There is a chance the solonoid contacts have gone high resistance with age,but that’s rare. I have seen the field coils develop internal shorts, but that’s rare too. Before removing the starter fromthe engine, I always measure cranking current using a cheapie $5 current meter that you just hold next to the positive cable (somebody has to still sell these). If the current is way high, you likely have shorted windings in the field or the armature.
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But always start simple – You’ve probably already checked this stuff but if not: are the battery terminals and cable ends clean and tight? Is the battery good – does it crankwell with a jump?
Dave